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Explain the different facets of job enrichment and behavior modification.

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Job enrichment is a method of motivating...

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The expectancy theory says that people are motivated


A) by how much they want and the chance they have of getting it.
B) only by their achievements.
C) by receiving pay equal to that of all other employees.
D) by the satisfaction of doing their job well.
E) by all of the above.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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For employee empowerment to work effectively, management must be involved and must perform all of the following functions except


A) communicate standards.
B) institute periodic evaluations.
C) guarantee follow-up.
D) retain top-down management controls.
E) set expectations.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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​When employees experience ___ they are more involved in their jobs and in the operations of the organization and increase their participation in decision making.


A) ​empowerment
B) ​employment
C) ​engagement
D) ​enrichment

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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According to Maslow's theory, safety is the most basic and the most important need.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is an example of Herzberg's motivation factors?


A) Responsibility
B) Supervision
C) Pay
D) Working conditions
E) Job security

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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____ means giving employees greater involvement in their jobs and the organization's operations by increasing their participation in decision making.


A) Behavior modification
B) Flextime
C) Job sharing
D) Empowerment
E) Job enlargement

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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The equity theory of motivation is based on the premise that people are motivated first by rewards and then by achievement.

A) True
B) False

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Joyce works hard and puts in many extra hours. For this, she can anticipate a pay raise, a promotion, or an expanded sales territory. However, getting a promotion is most important to Joyce. According to the useful guidelines of the ____ theory, Jim, her manager, must recognize that (1) she is putting in hard work and long hours to obtain a promotion, (2) what motivates Joyce will change over time, and (3) he must clearly show Joyce how to attain the desirable reward.


A) motivation-hygiene
B) expectancy
C) equity
D) reinforcement
E) hierarchy of needs

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The American Red Cross is a not-for-profit organization that uses volunteer workers the same way a for-profit business uses paid employees. To encourage volunteers to continue to give their time, the Red Cross thanks volunteers with public recognition. This would be an example of


A) scientific management.
B) piece-rate scaling.
C) Theory X.
D) positive reinforcement.
E) an ineffective reward system.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Maslow's theory explains how to motivate people with money.

A) True
B) False

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The technique in which managers and subordinates collaborate on setting goals and reviewing performance is


A) motivation by organization.
B) management by observation.
C) maintaining better output.
D) management by objectives.
E) motivation by openness.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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In providing health insurance for its employees, IBM is probably satisfying which level of need?


A) Physiological
B) Esteem
C) Self-realization
D) Safety
E) Social

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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An employee's attitude toward his or her job, supervisors, and the firm itself is termed


A) behavior.
B) motivation.
C) morale.
D) judgment.
E) mindset.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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All of the following are examples of hygiene factors that can cause dissatisfaction except


A) supervision.
B) pay.
C) job security.
D) achievement.
E) both A and D.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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According to Theory X by McGregor, managers assume that employees


A) do not naturally dislike work.
B) will work toward goals they are committed to.
C) dislike work and need to be controlled.
D) have the potential to accomplish organizational goals.
E) seek out and accept responsibility.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Under Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory, what are some of the factors that increase motivation and some that reduce dissatisfaction? If motivation factors are absent, is there an increase in feelings of dissatisfaction? If hygiene factors are absent, is there an increase in feelings of dissatisfaction?

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Job factors that Herzberg found most fre...

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The director of personnel at Eastern corporate headquarters wants to institute an MBO system nationwide. She should begin by


A) ensuring that top management endorses and participates in MBO.
B) evaluating and documenting her subordinates' performances.
C) establishing reasonable goals for all levels above her.
D) establishing reasonable goals for all levels below her.
E) ensuring that her subordinate managers support and understand the goals she has set for them.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following is one of Herzberg's hygiene factors?


A) Achievement
B) Working conditions
C) Recognition
D) Responsibility
E) Advancement

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The basic premise of reinforcement is that behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated and behavior that is punished is less likely to recur.

A) True
B) False

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