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Prices direct economic activity in a market economy by


A) influencing the actions of buyers and sellers.
B) reducing scarcity of the goods and services produced.
C) eliminating the need for government intervention.
D) allocating goods and services in the most equitable way.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Ashley eats two bananas during a particular day. The marginal benefit she enjoys from eating the second banana


A) can be thought of as the total benefit Ashley enjoys by eating two bananas minus the total benefit she would have enjoyed by eating just the first banana.
B) determines Ashley's marginal cost of the first and second bananas.
C) does not depend on how many bananas Ashley has already eaten.
D) cannot be determined unless we know how much she paid for the bananas.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Market power refers to the


A) power of a single person or small group to influence market prices.
B) ability of a person or small group to successfully market new products.
C) power of the government to regulate a market.
D) importance of a certain market in relation to the overall economy.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Scenario 1-3 It costs a company $35,000 to produce 700 graphing calculators. The company's cost will be $35,070 if it produces an additional graphing calculator. The company is currently producing 700 graphing calculators. -Refer to Scenario 1-3. What is the company's marginal cost?

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Over the past century, the average income in the United States has risen about


A) twofold.
B) fivefold.
C) eightfold.
D) tenfold.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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When you calculate your true costs of going to college, what portion of your room-and-board expenses should be included?


A) Your full room-and-board expenses should always be included.
B) None of your room-and-board expenses should ever be included.
C) You should include only the amount by which your room-and-board expenses exceed the income you earn while attending college.
D) You should include only the amount by which your room-and-board expenses exceed the expenses for rent and food if you were not in college.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In the short run, an increase in the money supply is likely to lead to inflation and unemployment.

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Economics is the study of how society allocates its unlimited resources.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements best characterizes a basic difference between market economies and centrally- planned economies?


A) Society relies more upon prices to allocate resources when the economy is centrally-planned than when it is market-based.
B) The self-interest of households is reflected more fully in the outcome of a centrally-planned economy than in the outcome of a market economy.
C) Government plays a larger role in the economic affairs of a market economy than in the economic affairs of a centrally-planned economy.
D) None of the above are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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If Faith attends college, it will take her four years, during which time she will earn no income. She will pay $50,000 for tuition, $12,000 for room and board, and $5,000 for books. If she spends the four years working rather than attending college, she will pay $18,000 for room and board, pay no intuition, and buy no books. Based on this information, Faith's economic cost of attending college would be $67,000 if, over the four years, she could earn


A) $12,000 instead of attending college.
B) $14,000 instead of attending college.
C) $16,000 instead of attending college.
D) $18,000 instead of attending college.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Scenario 1-3 It costs a company $35,000 to produce 700 graphing calculators. The company's cost will be $35,070 if it produces an additional graphing calculator. The company is currently producing 700 graphing calculators. -Refer to Scenario 1-3. What is the minimum price the company will charge for the 701th calculator?

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President Gerald Ford referred to inflation as


A) a blight on our nation's economy.
B) a necessary evil to combat high unemployment.
C) public enemy number one.
D) a fly in the ointment.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Senator Jackson argues that replacing the federal income tax with a national sales tax would increase the level of output. Senator Feldman objects that this policy would benefit the rich at the expense of the poor.


A) Both senators' arguments are primarily about equality.
B) Both senators' arguments are primarily about efficiency.
C) Senator Jackson's argument is primarily about equality, while Senator Feldman's argument is primarily about efficiency.
D) Senator Jackson's argument is primarily about efficiency, while Senator Feldman's argument is primarily about equality.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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What does the "invisible hand" refers to?

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How the decisions of...

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Debbie quits her job, which pays $30,000 a year, to finish her college degree. Her annual college expenses are $10,000 for tuition, $2,000 for books, and $700 for food. What is her opportunity cost of attending college for the year?

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A rational decisionmaker takes an action if and only if


A) the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost of the action.
B) the marginal cost of the action exceeds the marginal benefit of the action.
C) the marginal cost of the action is zero.
D) the opportunity cost of the action is zero.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Scenario 1-6 It costs a company $30,000 to produce 600 heart rate monitors. The company's cost will be $30,070 if it produces an additional heart rate monitor. The company is currently producing 600 heart rate monitors. -Refer to Scenario 1-6. What is the company's average cost?

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The opportunity cost of going to college is


A) the total spent on food, clothing, books, transportation, tuition, lodging, and other expenses.
B) the value of the best opportunity a student gives up to attend college.
C) zero for students who are fortunate enough to have all of their college expenses paid by someone else.
D) zero, since a college education will allow a student to earn a larger income after graduation.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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In the short run, which of the following rates of growth in the money supply is likely to lead to the highest level of unemployment in the economy?


A) 1 percent per year
B) 2 percent per year
C) 3 percent per year
D) 4 percent per year

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Thousands of people develop lung cancer from second-hand exposure to cigarette smoke. This is an example of


A) a market failure caused by an externality.
B) a market failure caused by market power.
C) a market failure caused by equality.
D) There is no market failure in this case.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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