A) he had lost much of his public popularity.
B) the Constitution prevented him from doing so.
C) he was denied the nomination of his party.
D) he felt he had accomplished everything he wanted to do as president.
E) in 1904 he had promised not to run again.
G) B) and D)
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A) the courts.
B) political parties.
C) state legislatures.
D) state governors.
E) the federal government.
G) A) and D)
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B) False
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A) both New York's Tammany Hall and the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.
B) New York's Tammany Hall.
C) the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.
D) None of these answers is correct.
E) the American Federation of Labor.
G) A) and C)
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B) False
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A) was both secretary of state and one of Wilson's closest advisors.
B) became the locus of opposition to Wilson in the cabinet.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) was one of Wilson's closest advisors.
E) was secretary of state.
G) C) and D)
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The attitudes and actions of late nineteenth-century progressive reformers and the utopian communities of the early nineteenth century had some similarities and differences. Both groups were motivated by a desire to improve society and create a better way of life for their fellow citizens. However, their approaches and priorities differed.
Late nineteenth-century progressive reformers were often focused on addressing specific social and political issues, such as labor rights, women's suffrage, and public health. They believed in using government intervention and social activism to bring about change and improve the lives of individuals within existing society. Their attitudes were often characterized by a sense of optimism and faith in the ability of humans to create a better world through collective action.
In contrast, the utopian communities of the early nineteenth century were often more radical in their approach, seeking to create entirely new, self-sufficient societies based on principles of equality, communal living, and cooperation. These communities, such as the Shakers, the Oneida Community, and Brook Farm, believed in creating a utopian society through a combination of spiritual, social, and economic reforms. Their attitudes were often characterized by a rejection of mainstream society and a belief in the possibility of creating a perfect, harmonious community.
Overall, while both late nineteenth-century progressive reformers and early nineteenth-century utopian communities shared a desire to improve society, their attitudes and actions were shaped by different historical contexts and priorities. Progressive reformers sought to work within existing societal structures to bring about change, while utopian communities sought to create entirely new social and economic systems based on their own ideals and principles.
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A) Theodore Roosevelt won the popular vote but lost the electoral college.
B) Eugene Debs offered his electoral votes to Theodore Roosevelt.
C) President William H. Taft came in last of the four major candidates.
D) Theodore Roosevelt finished third in the popular vote.
E) Woodrow Wilson won only a plurality of the popular vote.
G) C) and E)
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The Progressive Era, which spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s in the United States, was a period of widespread social activism and political reform aimed at addressing the problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption. While the era is known for its efforts to improve society and government, it was not progressive in several ways:
1. Racial Inequality: Despite the era's name, the Progressive Era did not bring progress for everyone, particularly for African Americans and other racial minorities. The era saw the entrenchment of Jim Crow laws in the South, which enforced racial segregation and disenfranchised black voters. Lynching and racial violence were rampant, and the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the constitutionality of "separate but equal" facilities, further institutionalizing racism.
2. Women's Rights: While the Progressive Era did see some advancements for women, including the passage of the 19th Amendment granting women the right to vote in 1920, progress was uneven. Many women, especially those of color and working-class backgrounds, continued to face significant discrimination and limited opportunities in both the public and private spheres.
3. Labor Exploitation: Although the era saw the rise of labor unions and some improvements in working conditions, child labor was still widespread, and many workers, including women and immigrants, continued to work in dangerous and exploitative conditions for low wages. The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911, which killed 146 garment workers, highlighted the ongoing risks faced by industrial workers.
4. Immigration Restrictions: The Progressive Era was marked by a rise in nativism and anti-immigrant sentiment, leading to restrictive immigration laws. The Immigration Act of 1924 severely limited the number of immigrants allowed into the United States, particularly targeting those from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, and other non-Northern European countries.
5. Economic Inequality: Despite efforts to regulate big business and address the extreme wealth disparities of the Gilded Age, economic inequality remained a significant issue. The era did not fully address the needs of the poor, and the gap between the rich and the poor continued to be a defining feature of American society.
6. Environmental Exploitation: While the Progressive Era saw the beginning of the conservation movement with figures like President Theodore Roosevelt advocating for the preservation of natural resources, industrial expansion continued to exploit the environment. The era did not fully confront the ecological consequences of rapid industrialization and urban growth.
7. Political Exclusion: Although the era aimed to curb political corruption and expand democracy through reforms such as the direct election of senators (17th Amendment) and the initiative, referendum, and recall processes, many Americans remained politically disenfranchised. Voter suppression tactics, particularly in the South, kept many from participating in the political process.
In summary, while the Progressive Era introduced significant reforms that aimed to improve American society and government, it was not uniformly progressive. The era failed to address, and in some cases exacerbated, issues of racial inequality, women's rights, labor exploitation, immigration restrictions, economic inequality, environmental exploitation, and political exclusion for significant portions of the population.
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B) False
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A) because the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country.
B) because the Socialist Party supported Germany.
C) both because the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country, and because the Socialist Party supported Germany.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) because the Socialist Party had dynamited key railroad lines to prevent troop movement.
G) None of the above
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In America, there were a variety of social attitudes that both worked for and against the concept of women having the right to vote. On one hand, there were progressive and reform-oriented social attitudes that supported women's suffrage. These attitudes recognized the need for equality and the importance of allowing women to have a voice in government and public policy. Additionally, there were social movements, such as the women's suffrage movement, which worked to change societal attitudes and push for women's voting rights.
On the other hand, there were traditional and conservative social attitudes that worked against women's suffrage. These attitudes often upheld traditional gender roles and believed that women's primary role was in the home, not in the public sphere of politics. Additionally, there were fears that allowing women to vote would disrupt the existing power structure and societal norms.
Overall, the social attitudes that worked for women's suffrage emphasized equality and justice, while those that worked against it were rooted in traditional gender roles and fears of change. It was the combination of these attitudes and the efforts of the women's suffrage movement that ultimately led to the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920, granting women the right to vote in the United States.
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At the turn of the century, both the mid...View Answer
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A) held steady to his existing course of action.
B) moved away from progressivism.
C) encouraged the United States to enter the war in Europe.
D) began another round of progressive legislation.
E) refused to nominate any progressives to the Supreme Court.
G) A) and B)
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A) encouraged abuses of power.
B) limited competition.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) was inefficient.
E) was a threat to freedom.
G) A) and C)
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The great public popularity of Theodore ...View Answer
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A) failed to give the government new powers to investigate corporate behavior.
B) helped businesses increase their trade markets.
C) created an agency to determine whether business practices were acceptable to the government.
D) encouraged industries to write basic "codes" governing prices, hours, and wages across the board.
E) defined the standard for "unfair trade practices."
G) A) and C)
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A) the philanthropy of industrial tycoons had subverted the natural workings of society.
B) modern societies should rely on a handful of highly trained engineers to govern the economy.
C) true social reform would only occur if the nation's wealth were redistributed.
D) only the wealthy leisure class had adequate time and money to help the needy.
E) the leaders of corporations were the natural choice to create social reform.
G) B) and D)
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Western states in the United States were...View Answer
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A) All these answers are correct.
B) the "New Freedom" and the "New Nationalism."
C) La Follette and Taft.
D) both different types of progressivism and the "New Freedom" and "New Nationalism."
E) the Old Guard and what was to become the "Bull Moose."
G) A) and B)
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