A) supporting passage of the McCarran Internal Security Act.
B) blaming lax security on the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C) charging the Republicans with harboring communists within their own party.
D) beginning an investigation into the loyalty of federal employees.
E) ignoring them.
G) None of the above
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The major events related to communism between 1949 and 1953 that alarmed the American public were the following:
1. The Chinese Communist Revolution in 1949: The Chinese Communist Party, led by Mao Zedong, successfully overthrew the Nationalist government and established the People's Republic of China. This event signaled the spread of communism in Asia and raised concerns about the potential domino effect of communist revolutions in the region.
2. The Korean War (1950-1953): The Korean War broke out in 1950 when North Korea, supported by the Soviet Union and China, invaded South Korea. The United States and other Western powers intervened to support South Korea, leading to a three-year conflict that heightened fears of communist aggression and expansion.
3. The Soviet Union's development of nuclear weapons: In 1949, the Soviet Union successfully tested its first atomic bomb, ending the American monopoly on nuclear weapons. This event, combined with fears of communist infiltration and espionage, contributed to a heightened sense of insecurity and fear among the American public.
These events, along with the growing influence of communism in Eastern Europe, contributed to a heightened anti-communist sentiment in the United States and fueled the Red Scare, a period of intense fear and suspicion of communist influence and infiltration in American society.
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A) None of these answers is correct.
B) not members of the Communist Party.
C) convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
D) both accused of passing American secrets to its enemies, and convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
E) accused of passing American secrets to its enemies.
G) D) and E)
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A) cause significant harm to the environment if used as an energy source.
B) in the long run, do more good than harm.
C) have few practical applications in the foreseeable future.
D) be used in war within the next five years.
E) likely result in the destruction of much of human civilization in the next few decades.
G) B) and D)
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B) False
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Communism caused significant fear in the United States during the postwar period for several reasons:
1. Ideological Conflict: Communism, as an ideology, is fundamentally opposed to the principles of capitalism and democracy, which are core to the American way of life. The United States was founded on individual freedoms and a market-based economy, whereas communism promotes a classless society and a state-controlled economy. This ideological opposition made communism inherently threatening to American values and interests.
2. The Red Scare: The fear of communism was heightened by the "Red Scare" periods, the first following World War I and the second, more intense wave, starting in the late 1940s. These were times of heightened anti-communist sentiment in the United States, characterized by suspicion, paranoia, and the fear that communists were infiltrating American society and government. This led to widespread fear that American institutions and ways of life were under threat from within.
3. The Cold War: After World War II, the global political landscape was dominated by the Cold War, a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and its allies (collectively representing the capitalist West) and the Soviet Union and its allies (representing the communist East). The fear of communism in the U.S. was directly tied to the fear of Soviet expansionism and the possibility of nuclear war.
4. The Domino Theory: U.S. foreign policy was heavily influenced by the domino theory, which posited that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would also fall, like a row of dominoes. This led to the belief that the spread of communism anywhere posed a direct threat to democracy everywhere, necessitating American intervention in countries like Korea and Vietnam.
5. McCarthyism: Senator Joseph McCarthy and others capitalized on the fear of communism by claiming to expose communists and Soviet spies within the United States. This led to a period of heightened political repression, where many individuals were accused of being communists or communist sympathizers without proper evidence, leading to blacklisting, loss of employment, and in some cases, imprisonment.
6. Propaganda and Media: The media played a significant role in spreading anti-communist sentiment. Propaganda emphasized the threat of communism and portrayed it as evil and aggressive. This constant messaging reinforced the fear of communism in the American public.
7. Economic Competition: The United States was also concerned about the economic implications of communism. The spread of a system that rejected private property and free enterprise could potentially disrupt global trade and economic stability, which would have direct consequences for the American economy.
8. Civil Liberties: During the postwar period, there was a fear that the adoption of communist principles would lead to the erosion of civil liberties and individual rights. The totalitarian nature of the Soviet regime, with its censorship, lack of free speech, and political repression, was seen as antithetical to American freedoms.
The combination of these factors created an environment of fear and suspicion in the United States during the postwar period, leading to a range of domestic and foreign policy decisions aimed at containing the spread of communism and protecting American interests and values.
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A) after his first few days in office.
B) after it became clear Stalin was supporting communist forces in China.
C) at the Potsdam Conference.
D) following the end of the war in the Pacific.
E) once the United States had successfully used the atomic bomb.
G) A) and E)
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The rising fear of communism in the Unit...View Answer
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B) False
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A) member of the Defense Department.
B) private citizen.
C) member of the State Department.
D) first-term Republican senator.
E) Democratic member of the House.
G) C) and D)
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B) False
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A) the end to a long period of Democratic dominance.
B) the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress.
C) a close outcome between the two major parties.
D) all of these: the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress; the end to a long period of Democratic dominance; and a close outcome between the two major parties.
E) None of these answers is correct.
G) D) and E)
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The rise of Joseph McCarthy can be accou...View Answer
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B) False
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B) False
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A) at an unspecified date, Germany would be reunited.
B) all of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.
C) the zones were to be determined by the position of troops at the end of the war.
D) Roosevelt preferred a reconstructed and reunited Germany.
E) there were a total of four zones, each controlled by a different nation.
G) A) and E)
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A) the Democratic Party.
B) the State Department.
C) the movie industry.
D) labor unions.
E) the American Communist Party.
G) B) and C)
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C
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A) Central Intelligence Agency.
B) Truman Cabinet.
C) United States Senate.
D) Defense Department.
E) State Department.
G) A) and D)
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President Truman altered Franklin Roosev...View Answer
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Communism was perceived as a genuine thr...View Answer
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