Question 1

What explains the apparent stimulation,feeling of well-being,and outgoing behavior that occur as the initial effects of alcohol ingestion?

Accepted Answer

A)   Depression of the inhibitory centers in the brain
B)   Activation of the inhibitory centers in the brain
C)   Depression of the autonomic nervous system
D)   Stimulation of the autonomic nervous systemE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is true of substance-related disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)   They kill 500,000 Americans every year.
B)   They cost hundreds of billions of dollars each year.
C)   They play a role in homelessness.
D)   All of the aboveE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

All of the following occur in people who are alcohol dependent for even short periods of time EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   blackouts and/or seizures
B)   hallucinations
C)   memory loss
D)   dementiaE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

According to Jellinek's model (no longer considered accurate but still of scientific interest) ,an individual with alcoholism progresses through four stages.Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes the characteristic behaviors associated with each of Jellinek's stages?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prealcoholic stage - hangovers, DWI or DUI charges, blackouts
B)   Prodromal stage - drinking heavily but few outward signs of problems
C)   Chronic stage - loss of control accompanied by occasional binges
D)   Crucial stage - primary activities focused on getting and drinking alcoholE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Minerva was extremely anxious and worried about everything.She thought that something terrible would happen and worried what people thought about her.Her doctor most likely prescribed ___________ to help her.

Accepted Answer

A)   an opiate
B)   a benzodiazepine
C)   a sedative
D)   an antidepressantE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Yesterday you asked your friend Ray for a couple of aspirin tablets.Ray has been taking a psychology course and informs you that,in behavioral terms,aspirin is a _____________ reinforcer.(After listening to this,your headache begins to gets worse.)

Accepted Answer

A)   positive
B)   negative
C)   neutral
D)   variableE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

The disease model of dependence

Accepted Answer

A)   assumes that dependence is caused by a psychological disorder.
B)   assumes that dependence is caused by an underlying physiological disorder.
C)   is a psychosocial perspective.
D)   assumes that dependence is a failure of self-control.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Brain plasticity is a factor in ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   tolerance
B)   withdrawal
C)   cravings
D)   all of theseE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of alcohol's effects on brain functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Faster reaction time
B)   Improved judgment
C)   Impaired motor coordination
D)   Clear speechE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

In 2003,researchers at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration estimated that about _______ Americans are probably dependent on alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A)   1.5 million
B)   10 million
C)   15 million
D)   25 millionE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Alcohol may influence which of the following systems?

Accepted Answer

A)   GABA system
B)   Glutamate system
C)   Serotonin system
D)   All of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

In behavioral terms,drugs like aspirin are considered negative reinforcers because they

Accepted Answer

A)   quickly make a person feel good.
B)   stop a person from feeling pain.
C)   have toxic effects on the nervous system.
D)   can cause frequent users to become dependent on them.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine use disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)   Amphetamines cause a period of depression and fatigue (called "crashing") , which is followed by feelings of elation and euphoria.
B)   Amphetamines cause an increase in appetite and a decrease in fatigue.
C)   Amphetamines decrease the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the nervous system.
D)   Amphetamine overdose can cause hallucinations, panic, agitation, and paranoid delusions.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Research that asks individuals to indicate alcohol use during the previous one-month period has found that alcohol use is highest among ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Hispanics
B)   Asian Americans
C)   Caucasian Americans
D)   people with multiracial backgroundsE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

A person who is physiologically dependent on a drug will experience

Accepted Answer

A)   tolerance to the effects of the drug.
B)   withdrawal symptoms if the drug is withdrawn.
C)   both tolerance and withdrawal.
D)   neither tolerance nor withdrawal.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

________ refers to the physiological reaction called drunkenness or high.

Accepted Answer

A)   Substance use
B)   Substance abuse
C)   Substance dependence
D)   none of the aboveE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

A research study of 6,000 lifetime drinkers (DeWitt et al.,2000) found that drinking at an early age (ages 11-14)

Accepted Answer

A)   was predictive of later alcohol use disorders.
B)   had no relationship to alcohol use later in life.
C)   caused more frequent blackouts than drinking at later ages.
D)   resulted in more severe withdrawal symptoms than drinking at later ages.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Alcohol is related to violence because it ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases impulsivity
B)   increases rational thinking
C)   causes aggression
D)   decreases aggressive behaviorE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 19

The brain's tendency to reorganize by forming new neural connections is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   neuroplasticity
B)   neuroelasticity
C)   neuroconsolidation
D)   neurogenesisE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Many individuals use drugs as negative reinforcement,i.e.,to escape from the unpleasantness (pain,stress,anxiety) in their lives.This phenomenon is called all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-medication
B)   tension reduction
C)   controlled dosing
D)   negative affectE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 11: Substance-related And Impulse-control Disorders

According to Jellinek's model (no longer considered accurate but still of scientific interest) ,an individual with alcoholism progresses through four stages.Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes the characteristic behaviors associated with each of Jellinek's stages?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yesterday you asked your friend Ray for a couple of aspirin tablets.Ray has been taking a psychology course and informs you that,in behavioral terms,aspirin is a _____________ reinforcer.(After listening to this,your headache begins to gets worse.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of alcohol's effects on brain functioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research that asks individuals to indicate alcohol use during the previous one-month period has found that alcohol use is highest among ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What explains the apparent stimulation,feeling of well-being,and outgoing behavior that occur as the initial effects of alcohol ingestion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The disease model of dependence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who is physiologically dependent on a drug will experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of substance-related disorders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following occur in people who are alcohol dependent for even short periods of time EXCEPT _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alcohol is related to violence because it ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brain plasticity is a factor in ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A research study of 6,000 lifetime drinkers (DeWitt et al.,2000) found that drinking at an early age (ages 11-14)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alcohol may influence which of the following systems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 2003,researchers at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration estimated that about _______ Americans are probably dependent on alcohol.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In behavioral terms,drugs like aspirin are considered negative reinforcers because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an accurate statement about amphetamines and/or amphetamine use disorders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The brain's tendency to reorganize by forming new neural connections is called ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many individuals use drugs as negative reinforcement,i.e.,to escape from the unpleasantness (pain,stress,anxiety) in their lives.This phenomenon is called all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ refers to the physiological reaction called drunkenness or high.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Minerva was extremely anxious and worried about everything.She thought that something terrible would happen and worried what people thought about her.Her doctor most likely prescribed ___________ to help her.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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