Question 1

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that

Accepted Answer

A)   it enables a clinician to see predictable and orderly changes related to where and when treatment is used.
B)   it does not require withdrawal of treatment.
C)   it resembles the way treatment would naturally be implemented.
D)   all of the aboveE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

One of the hallmarks of the experimental method that makes it different from a correlational study is that in an experiment,

Accepted Answer

A)   we observe what happens in the natural world.
B)   the researcher is unaware of the independent variable.
C)   a variable is manipulated in a way that would not have occurred naturally.
D)   there are multiple control groups.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

A study that uses the controlled conditions of the lab to replicate the phenomenon under study is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   analog model.
B)   longitudinal study.
C)   cross-sectional study.
D)   retrospective study.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Sequential design refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   a type of repeated measurement.
B)   using time as an independent variable.
C)   a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional designs.
D)   none of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

As Van Gogh slowly began developing schizophrenia,he painted a series of self-portraits that depicted the progression of the disorder over time.This is a good example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   negative development strategy.
B)   anecdotal study.
C)   prospective study
D)   retrospective study.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance refers to the s...

Question 7

External validation is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the extent to which we can be confident the independent variable is causing change in the dependent variable.
B)   the extent to which we can be confident the individual variable is causing change in the independent variable.
C)   how well the results relate to things outside your study.
D)   the degree to which the hypothesis is supported by the study.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

A researcher studying the effect of a dietary supplement on sleep finds that research participants who take the supplement sleep an average of 7 hours and 25 minutes per night,while participants who were given a placebo pill with no active ingredients in it sleep for an average of 7 hours and 20 minutes.These findings are clearly

Accepted Answer

A)   statistically significant.
B)   not clinically significant.
C)   not valid.
D)   clinically significant.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The independent variable in a research study is the variable that

Accepted Answer

A)   is expected to be changed or influenced in the study.
B)   is expected to influence or change the dependent variable.
C)   is the empirical result of the study.
D)   forms the most important component of the hypothesis.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

A newspaper article reports research showing that people who are single or divorced are more likely to suffer from chronic disease and to die earlier than married people.From this research,we can correctly conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)   unmarried people are unhappy and suffer more stress than people with partners, and these factors lead to more physical disability.
B)   if you wish to live longer, you should get married.
C)   people who suffer from chronic disease and die early are less likely to find a marriage partner.
D)   none of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

In an experiment with depressed patients,doctors gave some participants antidepressant pills while others received an identical pill with no active ingredients.Neither doctors nor patients knew who got what.If both groups improved substantially but equally,this is strong evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)   the "active ingredient" has no effect.
B)   any effect of the antidepressant pill is due to patients' expectations.
C)   of the need for placebo controls in drug research.
D)   all of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Shirley,a researcher,is interested in studying fathers' affection for their children.She randomly assigns 100 men to two groups: a control group and an experimental group.She gives each man a doll to play with and measures how affectionate they are toward the doll.The experimental group is told that the doll represents their child,but this is not mentioned to the control group.What might be a problem with Shirley's study?

Accepted Answer

A)   The internal validity may be poor, due to the use of randomization.
B)   The external validity may be poor, due to the use of a control group.
C)   The external validity may be poor, due to low generalizability.
D)   Nothing; this is a great study. Do it for your master's thesis. Cite me.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

While studying the impact of nutrition on intelligence,a researcher has one group of rats on a vitamin-rich diet and the other group eating Big Macs.While observing the rats run a complicated maze,the researcher notes that the vitamin-enhanced rats' maze is more brightly lit than the Big Mac rats' maze.The difference in lighting in this study is a(n) _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   confound
B)   independent variable
C)   dependent variable
D)   hypothesisE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

A genotype is defined as an individual's

Accepted Answer

A)   unique genetic makeup.
B)   recessive genes.
C)   hidden characteristics.
D)   observable features and behavior.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Which research method often suffers from losing research participants due to high dropout rates or even death?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cross-sectional study
B)   Longitudinal study
C)   Family study
D)   Twin studyE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

The implication of the fact that genetic linkage studies frequently fail to replicate when subsequent researchers repeat the study in different families is that

Accepted Answer

A)   the human genome is not well mapped.
B)   researchers need to be more careful with their methods.
C)   the environment is a more powerful influence on most forms of complex psychopathology than genetics.
D)   it is doubtful that there are single gene causes for complex disorders.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

If a match is found between the inheritance of a disorder and a genetic marker,the genes for both are probably

Accepted Answer

A)   on different chromosomes.
B)   on different ends of the same chromosome.
C)   identical.
D)   close together on the same chromosome.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The two most frequently used methods in prevention research for examining psychopathology across time are

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal and case study.
B)   case study and experimental.
C)   longitudinal and cross-sectional.
D)   experimental and cross-sectional.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the

Accepted Answer

A)   difficulty of measuring changes that are associated with removal of a treatment.
B)   confounding factor of the placebo effect when the treatment is removed.
C)   ethical issue of removing treatment that appears to be helping the patient.
D)   impossibility of removing the treatment equally for the treatment and control subjects.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

A research study finds sports car drivers are more likely,per capita,to die in a car crash.The makers of a sedate family sedan take delight in referring to this fact in their ads.Why are they not justified in using this finding to claim their cars are safer?

Accepted Answer

A)   They probably did not give out sports and family cars randomly across safe and unsafe drivers.
B)   People who choose to buy sports cars may differ in their driving from those who choose to buy family cars.
C)   People who don't like to take risks may drive cautiously and buy cars they believe are safe.
D)   All of the aboveE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 4: Research Methods

A research study finds sports car drivers are more likely,per capita,to die in a car crash.The makers of a sedate family sedan take delight in referring to this fact in their ads.Why are they not justified in using this finding to claim their cars are safer?

Correct Answer
verified

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that

Correct Answer
verified

Which research method often suffers from losing research participants due to high dropout rates or even death?

Correct Answer
verified

The independent variable in a research study is the variable that

Correct Answer
verified

Sequential design refers to

Correct Answer
verified

A newspaper article reports research showing that people who are single or divorced are more likely to suffer from chronic disease and to die earlier than married people.From this research,we can correctly conclude that

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The two most frequently used methods in prevention research for examining psychopathology across time are

Correct Answer
verified

As Van Gogh slowly began developing schizophrenia,he painted a series of self-portraits that depicted the progression of the disorder over time.This is a good example of a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

The implication of the fact that genetic linkage studies frequently fail to replicate when subsequent researchers repeat the study in different families is that

Correct Answer
verified

A genotype is defined as an individual's

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In an experiment with depressed patients,doctors gave some participants antidepressant pills while others received an identical pill with no active ingredients.Neither doctors nor patients knew who got what.If both groups improved substantially but equally,this is strong evidence that

Correct Answer
verified

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the

Correct Answer
verified

If a match is found between the inheritance of a disorder and a genetic marker,the genes for both are probably

Correct Answer
verified

Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Correct Answer
verified
Statistical significance refers to the s...
View Answer

A study that uses the controlled conditions of the lab to replicate the phenomenon under study is called a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

External validation is defined as

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

One of the hallmarks of the experimental method that makes it different from a correlational study is that in an experiment,

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Research Methods

A research study finds sports car drivers are more likely,per capita,to die in a car crash.The makers of a sedate family sedan take delight in referring to this fact in their ads.Why are they not justified in using this finding to claim their cars are safer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An advantage of the multiple baseline design in evaluating treatments is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which research method often suffers from losing research participants due to high dropout rates or even death?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The independent variable in a research study is the variable that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sequential design refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A newspaper article reports research showing that people who are single or divorced are more likely to suffer from chronic disease and to die earlier than married people.From this research,we can correctly conclude that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two most frequently used methods in prevention research for examining psychopathology across time are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As Van Gogh slowly began developing schizophrenia,he painted a series of self-portraits that depicted the progression of the disorder over time.This is a good example of a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The implication of the fact that genetic linkage studies frequently fail to replicate when subsequent researchers repeat the study in different families is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A genotype is defined as an individual's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment with depressed patients,doctors gave some participants antidepressant pills while others received an identical pill with no active ingredients.Neither doctors nor patients knew who got what.If both groups improved substantially but equally,this is strong evidence that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the problems of using a withdrawal design as part of a single-case experiment is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a match is found between the inheritance of a disorder and a genetic marker,the genes for both are probably

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Correct AnswerverifiedStatistical significance refers to the s...View AnswerShow Answer

A study that uses the controlled conditions of the lab to replicate the phenomenon under study is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

External validation is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the hallmarks of the experimental method that makes it different from a correlational study is that in an experiment,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Statistical significance refers to the s...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified