Question 1

When conducting research with adults who have been diagnosed with a psychological disorder, which of the following is essential regarding consent?

Accepted Answer

A)  You need to ensure that the psychological disorder they have would not impair their ability to give free and informed consent.
B)  Informed consent must be given by a mentally competent family member or guardian.
C)  Informed consent is not necessary.
D)  It is necessary to have the research procedures approved by the Canadian Psychological Association.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Why do researchers use control groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  to compare previously completed academic studies
B)  to make comparisons with the treatment group
C)  to randomize the experiment
D)  to control the hypothesisE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) B

Question 3

Your friend was the recipient of a nine-month research grant.Based on her interests, she can choose one of the four areas of concentration.She has always wanted to work with street youth.Based on this fact, what prevention strategy will she most likely choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  a selective prevention strategy
B)  a universal prevention strategy
C)  a positive development strategy
D)  an indicated prevention strategyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

What is a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  a research question tested through experimentation
B)  a theory that is based on available information
C)  a prediction about behaviour that is derived from theory and is tested through research
D)  a research question formulated through observation of daily occurrenceE) None of the above
F) B) and D) C

Question 5

Which genetic mechanism contributes to the underlying problems that cause the difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolytes
B)  phenotypes
C)  endophenotypes
D)  genotypesE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

What type of research compares people with a specific disorder to those without the disorder, and then identifies markers that occur significantly more often in people with the disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  a genetic linkage study
B)  a family study
C)  a heritability analysis
D)  an association studyE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Joe has been diagnosed by his psychiatrist as having an anxiety disorder.His psychiatrist prescribes a medication that has been found to help reduce anxiety.Joe takes the medication, but his anxiety level does not improve at all.Because an anxiety medication did not work, Joe concludes that his psychiatrist must be wrong and that he, Joe, must be suffering from some other disorder.What is the problem with Joe's conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  He is failing to consider the external validity of the prior research.
B)  He is failing to consider the internal validity of the research studies.
C)  He is failing to consider the lack of clinical significance of many research findings.
D)  He is failing to consider the patient uniformity myth.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 8

What does "phenotype" refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  hidden characteristics
B)  cognitive influences
C)  observable characteristics
D)  environmental influencesE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Why are adoption studies often used when attempting to study the influence of genetic factors on psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  They allow examination of genetic influences of psychopathology using more sophisticated statistical techniques.
B)  They allow examination of genetic influences of psychopathology without the typical confound of having siblings raised in the same environment.
C)  They allow examination of genetic influences of psychopathology without the typical confound of common biological parents.
D)  They allow examination of genetic influences of psychopathology through direct examination of genetic causes.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Explain how family studies are used to help determine the role of genetic factors in psychopathology.Describe the limitations of family studies in determining the genetic factors influencing psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

Family studies are used to help determin...

Question 11

Differentiate between the three different parts of repeated measurements in single-case experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

In single-case experimental designs, rep...

Question 12

The internal validity of a study can be increased by using which of the following to create different research groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  valid measures
B)  generalizable methods
C)  randomization
D)  the personal characteristics of potential participantsE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

While studying the impact of nutrition on intelligence, a researcher gives one group of rats a vitamin-rich diet while the other rat group eats Big Macs.While observing the rats run a complicated maze, the researcher notes that the vitamin-enhanced rats' maze is more brightly lit than the Big Mac rats' maze.What is the difference in lighting in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hypothesis
B)  an independent variable
C)  a dependent variable
D)  a confoundE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

To study how anxiety disorders develop in individuals, a researcher asks a group of adults whether they were anxious about school when they were children, and then measures their current functioning with respect to symptoms of anxiety.What is one significant limitation of this approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  The information about childhood experiences is retrospective in nature and may not be accurate.
B)  It confuses age differences with cohort effects.
C)  It measures only change within individuals, not differences between groups.
D)  Genetics and early life experiences are confounded.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Why are placebos used in experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  to control for the expectations of some research participants that they will improve just because they are in a research study
B)  to make certain that the treatment and control groups receive the same number of subjects
C)  to make certain that the treatment and control groups receive the same treatment
D)  to control for the variability of individuals who tend to volunteer for research studiesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 16

Describe the differences between the statistical and clinical significance of research findings.Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Accepted Answer

Statistical significance refers to the l...

Question 17

A new research study is published and becomes the "hot daily news story." This story concerns you because the researchers report that they are the first scientists to find a higher incidence of depression for individuals taking a particular vitamin-the same vitamin that your physician has had you taking for years.While this may be cause for you to investigate further, why should you probably NOT panic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unless it was a double-blind experiment, the results are probably in error.
B)  Research like this is rarely accurate.
C)  Without replication, the finding could just be due to coincidence.
D)  Your physician would have also relied on his own patient feedback throughout the years.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Dr.Marx says that a study he is reviewing has good internal validity.What does Dr.Marx believe?

Accepted Answer

A)  the independent variable is causing the dependent variable to change
B)  the dependent variable is causing the independent variable to change
C)  the sampling procedure is supported by the study
D)  the hypothesis is supported by the studyE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Describe the differences between the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods.What are the uses and limitations of each of these methods? Provide an illustrative example of a research question that would be better addressed by a longitudinal study than by a cross-sectional study and explain why.

Accepted Answer

The cross-sectional research method invo...

Question 20

To compare treatment strategies in various psychiatric settings, researchers are evaluating the psychiatric patients' levels of depression every four months for four years in three different hospitals.What type of research are they applying?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sequential research
B)  longitudinal research
C)  cross-sectional research
D)  naturalistic researchE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Research Methods

When conducting research with adults who have been diagnosed with a psychological disorder, which of the following is essential regarding consent?

Correct Answer
verified

Why do researchers use control groups?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Your friend was the recipient of a nine-month research grant.Based on her interests, she can choose one of the four areas of concentration.She has always wanted to work with street youth.Based on this fact, what prevention strategy will she most likely choose?

Correct Answer
verified

What is a hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Which genetic mechanism contributes to the underlying problems that cause the difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders?

Correct Answer
verified

What type of research compares people with a specific disorder to those without the disorder, and then identifies markers that occur significantly more often in people with the disorder?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What does "phenotype" refer to?

Correct Answer
verified

Why are adoption studies often used when attempting to study the influence of genetic factors on psychological disorders?

Correct Answer
verified

Explain how family studies are used to help determine the role of genetic factors in psychopathology.Describe the limitations of family studies in determining the genetic factors influencing psychopathology.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Family studies are used to help determin...
View Answer

Differentiate between the three different parts of repeated measurements in single-case experimental designs.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
In single-case experimental designs, rep...
View Answer

The internal validity of a study can be increased by using which of the following to create different research groups?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

To study how anxiety disorders develop in individuals, a researcher asks a group of adults whether they were anxious about school when they were children, and then measures their current functioning with respect to symptoms of anxiety.What is one significant limitation of this approach?

Correct Answer
verified

Why are placebos used in experiments?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Describe the differences between the statistical and clinical significance of research findings.Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Statistical significance refers to the l...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Dr.Marx says that a study he is reviewing has good internal validity.What does Dr.Marx believe?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The cross-sectional research method invo...
View Answer

To compare treatment strategies in various psychiatric settings, researchers are evaluating the psychiatric patients' levels of depression every four months for four years in three different hospitals.What type of research are they applying?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Research Methods

When conducting research with adults who have been diagnosed with a psychological disorder, which of the following is essential regarding consent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do researchers use control groups?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Your friend was the recipient of a nine-month research grant.Based on her interests, she can choose one of the four areas of concentration.She has always wanted to work with street youth.Based on this fact, what prevention strategy will she most likely choose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which genetic mechanism contributes to the underlying problems that cause the difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of research compares people with a specific disorder to those without the disorder, and then identifies markers that occur significantly more often in people with the disorder?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does "phenotype" refer to?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are adoption studies often used when attempting to study the influence of genetic factors on psychological disorders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how family studies are used to help determine the role of genetic factors in psychopathology.Describe the limitations of family studies in determining the genetic factors influencing psychopathology.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIFamily studies are used to help determin...View AnswerShow Answer

Differentiate between the three different parts of repeated measurements in single-case experimental designs.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIn single-case experimental designs, rep...View AnswerShow Answer

The internal validity of a study can be increased by using which of the following to create different research groups?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To study how anxiety disorders develop in individuals, a researcher asks a group of adults whether they were anxious about school when they were children, and then measures their current functioning with respect to symptoms of anxiety.What is one significant limitation of this approach?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are placebos used in experiments?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Describe the differences between the statistical and clinical significance of research findings.Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIStatistical significance refers to the l...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Marx says that a study he is reviewing has good internal validity.What does Dr.Marx believe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe cross-sectional research method invo...View AnswerShow Answer

To compare treatment strategies in various psychiatric settings, researchers are evaluating the psychiatric patients' levels of depression every four months for four years in three different hospitals.What type of research are they applying?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Family studies are used to help determin...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
In single-case experimental designs, rep...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Statistical significance refers to the l...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The cross-sectional research method invo...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified