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Exam 10: Motivating Employees

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Question 91

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Several advocacy groups in the U.S. monitor firms that do business with sweatshops in developing nations. These watchdog groups are concerned about human rights abuses in foreign factories, often citing unsafe and unclean working conditions. Recently, business experts have shed new light on this issue, stating that these factories that do not meet the standards of developed nations are still perceived by their workers as a better way of life than what they had before because these employers offer steady wages. According to Maslow, these workers are motivated to satisfy which of his hierarchy of needs?

A) self-actualization needs
B) social needs
C) safety needs
D) physiological needs

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Question 92

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Hillary enjoys working with others to solve problems and make decisions, but is also able to assume individual responsibility. She prefers working for a company that takes a holistic view of its employees. These preferences suggest that Hillary might enjoy working at a company that uses a Theory Z approach to management.

A) True
B) False

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Question 93

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Elton Mayo conducted studies know as the Hawthorne Studies and became known as the father of scientific management.

Herzberg's research examined how conditions related to the job itself affected the motivation of employees.

is based on the notion that setting ambitious but attainable goals will improve motivation and performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions.

Talk about "shell-shock"! Two nights ago, Adam was living in a tent with thirty other Marines in the hills of Afghanistan. Today he is waking up to the smell of fresh linen, in a king-sized bed, in his very own room in DeKalb, Illinois. Three days ago, his first priority was the welfare of his battle buddies. This morning, his first priority (according to his family) is not wasting anytime and getting back into College. Although he has always believed in the importance of school and the respect that comes with achieving a degree, right now he is not quite in the frame of mind. His first desire is to spend time renewing old friendships, including organizing a couple of float trips and ball game nights with the group of friends he left behind. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Adam has a strong desire to satisfy his self-esteem needs.

Skill variety is one of the characteristics of work that lead to improved motivation and performance.

Frederick Taylor based his approach on the belief that each worker was an individual who should be treated as a unique asset to the firm.

Feedback enhances worker motivation by giving employees a feeling of achievement and recognition.

According to Herzberg's views, which of the following strategies would be most likely to result in a higher level of worker motivation?

Cedric works for a landscaping business. His employer has asked Cedric if he would be willing to work overtime this weekend to finish a job for an important client. According to expectancy theory, Cedric will want to compare the compensation or other rewards offered by his employer to the extra effort involved before he decides whether to agree to the job.

William Ouchi concluded that culture should not be a factor in one's management style.

According to the Spotlight on Small Business box titled, "Big Motivators for Small Business", small businesses can and do put thought into motivating employees to perform at high levels. The box highlights companies who provide mentoring activities for new employees and other companies who believe that stress release type activities re-energizes employees.

Three elements were basic to Taylor's approach: time, methods, and rules of work.

A major problem with the MBO approach is that it provides no way for employees to provide input into the goal-setting process.

Peter Drucker made an important distinction when he stated that managers do not motivate employees, but employees motivate themselves.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of , which said that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions.

At High Stakes International, employees tend to work with little direct supervision since employees are considered trustworthy and committed. Management's expectation for employee creativity is high. The management at High Stakes reflects attitudes about employees.

Theory Y managers assume that the main factor that motivates most employees is the desire to earn more money.

Using job enrichment strategy, management can contribute to improved motivation and worker performance by primarily increasing employee pay.