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Children who have reached the concrete operational stage are also capable of ________, which is the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension (such as length).

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Megan, who is eight years old, has a test tomorrow. "It's an easy test," she tells her mother. "I just have to recognize a bunch of stuff on a chart. I finished studying for it yesterday. I know that I'll remember everything I need to know." Megan is exhibiting her


A) brainstorming ability.
B) creative thinking.
C) metamemory.
D) metadata.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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________ thinking characterizes the kind of thinking that is required on conventional tests of intelligence.


A) Convergent
B) Creative
C) Divergent
D) Abstract

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true about learning disability?


A) Girls are more likely to be referred by teachers for treatment because of troublesome behavior.
B) About three times as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.
C) Girls have a greater biological vulnerability than boys to be diagnosed with a learning disability.
D) Learning disabilities reside in a single, specific brain location in all individuals.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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B

Advances in the ________ of the brain are linked to children's ________.


A) parietal lobe; peripheral vision
B) occipital lobe; improved spatial skills
C) prefrontal cortex; improved attention, reasoning, and cognitive control
D) temporal lobe; hand-eye coordination and pincer grasp

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which theory states that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representation: verbatim memory trace and gist?

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Terence has a learning disability that involves difficulty in math computation. This disability is also known as developmental arithmetic disorder. On the other hand, Mindy, his classmate, finds it extremely challenging to read or spell simple words. Based on the given information, which of the following statements is true?


A) Both Terence and Mindy have ADHD.
B) Terence has dysgraphia, whereas Mindy has dyscalculia.
C) Terence has ADHD, whereas Mindy has dysgraphia.
D) Terence has dyscalculia, whereas Mindy has dyslexia.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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From the following options, identify the disorder that consists of serious, persistent problems involving relationships, aggression, depression, and fears associated with personal or school matters, as well as other inappropriate socioemotional characteristics. Approximately eight percent of children who have a disability and require an individualized education plan fall into this classification.


A) autism
B) ADHD
C) emotional and behavioral disorders
D) learning disorders

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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C

During the elementary school years, children grow an average of ________ inches a year.


A) one to two
B) two to three
C) five to seven
D) seven to ten

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Knowledge about memory is known as


A) metamemory.
B) working memory.
C) implicit memory.
D) metadata.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Sadie has a learning disability and is being educated in the least restrictive environment possible. This means that Sadie


A) is given great freedom and few rules.
B) is placed in as regular a classroom as possible.
C) has significant input into the development of her educational goals.
D) spends part of her time in a regular classroom and part of her time in a special education classroom.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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In relation to the cognitive development theory, Piaget proposed that the concrete operational stage lasts from approximately ________ years of age.


A) three to five
B) five to seven
C) seven to eleven
D) ten to thirteen

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Discuss the key features of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA).

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Until the 1970s, most U.S. public school...

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By the time children are 11 years old, their vocabulary has increased to approximately


A) 10,000 words.
B) 200,000 words.
C) 40,000 words.
D) 100,000 words.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Sabine is in the second grade. Compared to the other kids in her class, she finds it very challenging to read or spell simple words. Which of the following learning disabilities does Sabine suffer from?


A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B) dysgraphia
C) dyslexia
D) dyscalculia

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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According to Howard Gardner's theories, who among the following would need to have good spatial abilities to be successful?


A) journalists and authors
B) theologians and psychologists
C) botanists and landscapers
D) architects and sailors

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory and Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence are examples of the idea that


A) intelligence is a general ability.
B) there are three types of intelligence.
C) intelligence consists of a number of specific abilities.
D) culture plays an important role in the development of intelligence.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Alberta is a school teacher who introduces children to reading by teaching them a rhyme that goes "A for apple, A says ah, B for ball, B says buh," and so on. This exemplifies the ________ approach to reading instruction.


A) whole-language
B) phonics
C) information-processing
D) analytic

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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B

Ellen Winner described three criteria that characterize gifted children. Which of the following is one of these criteria?


A) mindfulness
B) self-confidence
C) easily bored
D) a passion to master

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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________ is a disability in which children consistently show inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity over a period of time. Some children show a combination of these symptoms.


A) ADHD
B) OCD
C) PTSD
D) EMDR

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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